度量启发是最新的框架，用于启发分类性能指标，可以根据任务和上下文最好地反映隐性用户偏好。但是，可用的启发策略仅限于预测率的线性（或准线性）函数，这实际上对包括公平性在内的许多应用可能是限制的。本文制定了一种策略，以引发由二次功能定义的更灵活的多类指标，旨在更好地反映人类的偏好。我们展示了它在启发基于二次违规的集体 - fair量指标中的应用。我们的策略仅需要相对的偏好反馈，对噪声是强大的，并且达到了近乎最佳的查询复杂性。我们将此策略进一步扩展到启发多项式指标，从而扩大了用例以进行度量启发。

Quadruped robots are currently used in industrial robotics as mechanical aid to automate several routine tasks. However, presently, the usage of such a robot in a domestic setting is still very much a part of the research. This paper discusses the understanding and virtual simulation of such a robot capable of detecting and understanding human emotions, generating its gait, and responding via sounds and expression on a screen. To this end, we use a combination of reinforcement learning and software engineering concepts to simulate a quadruped robot that can understand emotions, navigate through various terrains and detect sound sources, and respond to emotions using audio-visual feedback. This paper aims to establish the framework of simulating a quadruped robot that is emotionally intelligent and can primarily respond to audio-visual stimuli using motor or audio response. The emotion detection from the speech was not as performant as ERANNs or Zeta Policy learning, still managing an accuracy of 63.5%. The video emotion detection system produced results that are almost at par with the state of the art, with an accuracy of 99.66%. Due to its "on-policy" learning process, the PPO algorithm was extremely rapid to learn, allowing the simulated dog to demonstrate a remarkably seamless gait across the different cadences and variations. This enabled the quadruped robot to respond to generated stimuli, allowing us to conclude that it functions as predicted and satisfies the aim of this work.

We propose reconstruction probing, a new analysis method for contextualized representations based on reconstruction probabilities in masked language models (MLMs). This method relies on comparing the reconstruction probabilities of tokens in a given sequence when conditioned on the representation of a single token that has been fully contextualized and when conditioned on only the decontextualized lexical prior of the model. This comparison can be understood as quantifying the contribution of contextualization towards reconstruction -- the difference in the reconstruction probabilities can only be attributed to the representational change of the single token induced by contextualization. We apply this analysis to three MLMs and find that contextualization boosts reconstructability of tokens that are close to the token being reconstructed in terms of linear and syntactic distance. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to finer-grained decomposition of contextualized representations, and we find that these boosts are largely attributable to static and positional embeddings at the input layer.

Indian e-commerce industry has evolved over the last decade and is expected to grow over the next few years. The focus has now shifted to turnaround time (TAT) due to the emergence of many third-party logistics providers and higher customer expectations. The key consideration for delivery providers is to balance their overall operating costs while meeting the promised TAT to their customers. E-commerce delivery partners operate through a network of facilities whose strategic locations help to run the operations efficiently. In this work, we identify the locations of hubs throughout the country and their corresponding mapping with the distribution centers. The objective is to minimize the total network costs with TAT adherence. We use Genetic Algorithm and leverage business constraints to reduce the solution search space and hence the solution time. The results indicate an improvement of 9.73% in TAT compliance compared with the current scenario.

The domain of joint vision-language understanding, especially in the context of reasoning in Visual Question Answering (VQA) models, has garnered significant attention in the recent past. While most of the existing VQA models focus on improving the accuracy of VQA, the way models arrive at an answer is oftentimes a black box. As a step towards making the VQA task more explainable and interpretable, our method is built upon the SOTA VQA framework by augmenting it with an end-to-end explanation generation module. In this paper, we investigate two network architectures, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Transformer decoder, as the explanation generator. Our method generates human-readable textual explanations while maintaining SOTA VQA accuracy on the GQA-REX (77.49%) and VQA-E (71.48%) datasets. Approximately 65.16% of the generated explanations are approved by humans as valid. Roughly 60.5% of the generated explanations are valid and lead to the correct answers.

Federated learning (FL) on deep neural networks facilitates new applications at the edge, especially for wearable and Internet-of-Thing devices. Such devices capture a large and diverse amount of data, but they have memory, compute, power, and connectivity constraints which hinder their participation in FL. We propose Centaur, a multitier FL framework, enabling ultra-constrained devices to efficiently participate in FL on large neural nets. Centaur combines two major ideas: (i) a data selection scheme to choose a portion of samples that accelerates the learning, and (ii) a partition-based training algorithm that integrates both constrained and powerful devices owned by the same user. Evaluations, on four benchmark neural nets and three datasets, show that Centaur gains ~10% higher accuracy than local training on constrained devices with ~58% energy saving on average. Our experimental results also demonstrate the superior efficiency of Centaur when dealing with imbalanced data, client participation heterogeneity, and various network connection probabilities.

我们假设现有的句子级机器翻译（MT）指标在人类参考包含歧义时会效率降低。为了验证这一假设，我们提出了一种非常简单的方法，用于扩展预审计的指标以在文档级别合并上下文。我们将我们的方法应用于三个流行的指标，即Bertscore，Prism和Comet，以及无参考的公制Comet-QE。我们使用提供的MQM注释评估WMT 2021指标共享任务的扩展指标。我们的结果表明，扩展指标的表现在约85％的测试条件下优于其句子级别的级别，而在排除低质量人类参考的结果时。此外，我们表明我们的文档级扩展大大提高了其对话语现象任务的准确性，从而优于专用基线高达6.1％。我们的实验结果支持我们的初始假设，并表明对指标的简单扩展使他们能够利用上下文来解决参考中的歧义。

现代社会有兴趣由于复杂的相机的激增而捕获高分辨率和优质图像。但是，如果在计算机视觉任务中使用了此类图像，则图像中的噪声污染不仅较低，而且相反会影响随后的过程，例如遥感，对象跟踪等。高分辨率图像的时间处理受图像捕获仪器的硬件限制的限制。 Geodesic Gramian denoising（GGD）是一种基于多种噪声滤波方法，我们在过去的研究中介绍了该方法，它利用了Geodesics的Gramian Gramian矩阵的一些突出的奇异向量进行噪声滤波过程。 GDD遇到$ \ MATHCAL {O}（n^6）$时，GDD的适用性受到限制^2 $数据矩阵由单数值分解（SVD）实现。在这项研究中，我们通过用四种不同的单数矢量近似技术代替其SVD步骤来提高GGD框架的效率。在这里，我们比较集成到GGD中的四个技术之间的计算时间和噪声过滤性能。

我们设计和分析了量子变压器，扩展了最先进的经典变压器神经网络体系结构，已知在自然语言处理和图像分析中表现出色。在先前用于数据加载和正交神经层的参数化量子电路的工作的基础上，我们引入了三种量子注意机制，包括基于复合矩阵的量子变压器。这些量子体系结构可以使用浅量子电路构建，并可以提供定性不同的分类模型。与最佳的经典变压器和其他经典基准相比，我们对标准医疗图像数据集进行了量子变压器的广泛模拟，这些量子变压器表现出竞争力，有时表现更好。与经典算法相对于分类图像的大小，我们的量子注意层的计算复杂性被证明是有利的。与拥有数百万参数的最佳经典方法相比，我们的量子体系结构具有数千个参数。最后，我们在超导量子计算机上实施了量子变压器，并获得了多达六个量子实验的令人鼓舞的结果。

深度学习已被广​​泛应用于神经影像学，包括预测磁共振成像（MRI）体积的脑表型关系。 MRI数据通常需要进行广泛的预处理，然后才能通过深度学习准备建模，部分原因是其高维和异质性。各种MRI预处理管道都有自己的优势和局限性。最近的研究表明，即使使用相同的数据，与管道相关的变化也可能导致不同的科学发现。同时，机器学习社区强调了从以模型为中心转移到以数据为中心的方法的重要性，因为数据质量在深度学习应用中起着至关重要的作用。在这个想法的激励下，我们首先评估预处理管道选择如何影响监督学习模型的下游表现。接下来，我们提出了两个管道不变表示方法MPSL和PXL，以提高分类性能的一致性并捕获管道对之间的类似神经网络表示。使用来自英国生物库数据集的2000名人类受试者，我们证明了这两种模型都具有独特的优势，特别是可以使用MPSL来改善对新管道的样本概括，而PXL则可以用来提高预测性能一致性和代表性封闭管道集中的相似性。这些结果表明，我们提出的模型可用于克服与管道相关的偏差，并提高神经成像预测任务的可重复性。